認識句型
知道 have / has + 過去分詞 的基本形式。
21 Days Grammar
現在完成式
今天要碰一個常讓人混亂的句型：現在完成式。先不用把它想得太複雜，你可以先抓住它常跟「已經完成」「經驗」「到現在還有關係」有關。
學
今天學習目標
理解三種常見用途
完成、經驗、從過去持續到現在。
分辨過去式和完成式
知道什麼時候在說明確過去，什麼時候在看現在結果。
1
白話解釋
現在完成式不是單純說過去，而是說這件事和「現在」還有關聯。可能是剛完成，也可能是你有過這種經驗，或這件事從以前持續到現在。
對照看
I ate dinner at 6:00. 這是在說明確過去時間。
I have eaten dinner. 這是在說「我已經吃過了」，現在的結果是我不餓。
2
核心句型
主詞 + have / has + 過去分詞
I have finished my homework. / She has visited Japan.
主詞 + have / has not + 過去分詞
We have not seen that movie. / He has not called me.
Have / Has + 主詞 + 過去分詞 ... ?
Have you eaten yet? / Has Amy left already?
3
生活例句
- I have lost my key. 我把鑰匙弄丟了。
- She has already done the dishes. 她已經洗完碗了。
- We have been to Tainan twice. 我們去過台南兩次。
- He has lived here for five years. 他住在這裡五年了。
- Have you finished your report yet? 你完成報告了嗎？
4
常見錯誤
錯誤 1：have / has 後面接過去式，不是過去分詞
She has went home.
She has gone home.
go 的過去分詞是 gone，不是 went。
錯誤 2：明確過去時間還用現在完成式
I have seen him yesterday.
I saw him yesterday.
有 yesterday、last week 這種明確過去時間時，通常用過去式。
錯誤 3：主詞和 have / has 搭配錯
He have finished his lunch.
He has finished his lunch.
he / she / it 要搭配 has。
5
小練習
- 改正：I have saw this movie before.
- 改正：She have already eaten dinner.
- 改正：We have gone to school yesterday.
- 完成句子：He ___ finished his homework.（has / have）
- 完成句子：Have you ever ___ to Japan?（been / went）
答
答案與解析
- I have seen this movie before.
解析：see 的過去分詞是 seen。
- She has already eaten dinner.
解析：She 要搭配 has。
- We went to school yesterday.
解析：yesterday 是明確過去時間，用過去式更自然。
- has.
解析：He 要用 has。
- been.
解析：Have you ever been to ...? 是常見經驗句型。
導