理解被動語態用途
知道何時重點放在結果而不是做事的人。
21 Days Grammar
被動語態
今天要學的是被動語態。當重點不是「誰做的」，而是「事情被怎麼處理」，就常用 `be + 過去分詞` 這種句型。
學
今天學習目標
掌握基本句型
熟悉 be + 過去分詞。
會和主動語態對照
比較主動句與被動句的視角差異。
1
白話解釋
主動語態是在說「誰做了什麼」，被動語態則是在說「某件事被怎麼做」。如果做的人不重要、不知道，或不想提，就常用被動語態。
主動和被動對照
The teacher checks the homework. 老師批改作業。
The homework is checked by the teacher. 作業被老師批改。
2
核心句型
主詞 + be 動詞 + 過去分詞
The window is broken. / English is spoken here.
主詞 + be 動詞 + 過去分詞 + by + 做事的人
The song was written by my brother.
被動語態時態變化
is made / was made / will be made
3
生活例句
- The classroom is cleaned every day. 教室每天都會被打掃。
- This picture was taken last year. 這張照片是去年拍的。
- English is used around the world. 英文在世界各地被使用。
- The cake was made by my mom. 這個蛋糕是我媽媽做的。
- The meeting will be held tomorrow. 會議將在明天舉行。
4
常見錯誤
錯誤 1：只有過去分詞，沒有 be 動詞
The door closed by Tom.
The door was closed by Tom.
被動語態通常要有 be 動詞。
錯誤 2：把主動句誤當被動句
The chef cooked by dinner.
Dinner was cooked by the chef.
要先想清楚誰是被影響的對象。
錯誤 3：時態沒跟著變化
The letter is sent yesterday.
The letter was sent yesterday.
yesterday 是過去時間，所以 be 動詞要改成 was / were。
5
小練習
- 改正：The homework finished by Amy.
- 改正：The cake is made yesterday.
- 把主動句改成被動句：My dad washes the car.
- 完成句子：English ___ spoken here.（is / does）
- 完成句子：The bags ___ carried by the students.（were / are）
答
答案與解析
- The homework was finished by Amy.
解析：被動語態要有 be 動詞。
- The cake was made yesterday.
解析：yesterday 表示過去，用 was made。
- The car is washed by my dad.
解析：受影響對象 the car 放前面，接被動語態。
- is.
解析：be + spoken 才是被動語態。
- were / are 皆可，依語境決定。
解析：如果是在說過去，用 were；如果在說現在慣例，用 are。
導